Raven Cosplay, a charming interpretation of the enduring DC character, transcends mere imitation. This exploration delves into the intricate world of Raven’s portrayal, from the historic evolution of her cosplay to the sensible concerns of crafting genuine or distinctive representations. We’ll analyze varied design parts, neighborhood dynamics, and media influences, in the end providing a complete information for aspiring and seasoned cosplayers.
Unveiling the multifaceted nature of Raven Cosplay, we’ll discover the core ideas behind profitable interpretations. From understanding the symbolism and imagery related to Raven to mastering the craft of fabric choice and prop creation, this information gives a complete framework for anybody looking for to convey the character to life. This deep dive examines the technicalities of crafting, the neighborhood spirit behind it, and the varied inspirations that drive the creation of compelling Raven cosplays.
Overview of Raven Cosplay
Raven, the enigmatic anti-heroine from DC Comics, has captivated audiences along with her complicated character and hanging aesthetic. Her raven-like look, sharp wit, and rebellious nature make her a well-liked topic for cosplay. This exploration delves into the multifaceted world of Raven cosplay, inspecting its evolution, interpretations, and numerous shows.Raven cosplay, at its core, entails recreating the look and sometimes the persona of the character.
This encompasses extra than simply mimicking her look; it entails decoding the emotional depth and inside conflicts that outline Raven. The artistic course of is deeply rooted within the character’s evolving portrayal throughout varied mediums, from comedian books to animated collection and movies.
Historic Context and Evolution
Raven’s cosplay, reflecting the character’s improvement, has mirrored the evolution of cosplay tradition itself. Early depictions typically centered on recreating the character’s iconic outfit from the comedian books, that includes her darkish apparel and signature equipment. Because the character gained extra publicity in animated collection and movies, cosplay interpretations broadened to include parts from these completely different diversifications. Moreover, the rising accessibility of supplies and methods influenced the standard and class of Raven cosplay creations.
This evolution has been a dynamic interaction between the character’s portrayal and the evolving tendencies inside the cosplay neighborhood.
Interpretations and Shows of Raven Cosplay
Raven’s multifaceted nature permits for numerous interpretations in cosplay. Some cosplayers select to deal with her rebellious and brooding facets, emphasizing her darker, extra melancholic facet. Others painting a extra empowered and assertive Raven, highlighting her power and willpower. A notable facet is the inclusion of private kinds, similar to incorporating parts of Gothic, Victorian, and even futuristic aesthetics to additional improve the character’s distinctive id.
In style Raven Cosplay Types
Quite a few variations exist inside Raven cosplay, every showcasing distinctive interpretations of the character. A typical model entails recreating her traditional look from the comics, typically incorporating black leather-based, darkish materials, and refined accents of crimson or purple. One other standard model incorporates parts of Gothic vogue, using flowing black clothes and ornate equipment to emphasise her enigmatic aura. A extra trendy take may incorporate futuristic parts, with modern, metallic accents and elaborate armor, reflecting a extra technologically superior model of the character.
These completely different kinds display the adaptability and artistic freedom inside the Raven cosplay neighborhood.
Examples of Variations and Interpretations
Raven’s numerous persona permits for a mess of interpretations. Cosplayers typically showcase her in varied emotional states, from stoic and brooding to fiercely decided and empowered. A notable instance contains the incorporation of refined facial expressions and physique language to painting her inside turmoil and battle. One other instance is the creation of elaborate costumes that precisely mirror the particular Raven illustration from completely different mediums.
Raven cosplay, a well-liked alternative for followers, typically delves into the nuanced facets of character design. Understanding the underlying ideas of Darkish Or Gentle Dti, like this , can considerably improve the depth of a Raven cosplay. This understanding interprets straight right into a extra impactful and fascinating presentation for any fan.
As an illustration, a Raven cosplay from the animated collection may differ considerably from one impressed by a selected comedian e book arc.
Raven Cosplay Supplies and Methods
Bringing the enduring Raven character to life in cosplay requires cautious consideration of supplies and methods. Success hinges on precisely capturing her distinctive model, whether or not aiming for a sensible portrayal or a stylized interpretation. The correct decisions improve the general impression and immersion of the cosplay expertise. Understanding the nuances of assorted supplies and crafting strategies is essential for reaching a compelling and genuine illustration.The effectiveness of a Raven cosplay relies upon considerably on the meticulous choice and utility of supplies.
Raven Cosplay, a well-liked alternative for fanatics, typically entails intricate particulars. Contemplating the current surge in reputation of Large Sean Braids, it is clear that particular hair kinds are influencing cosplay tendencies, as seen within the intricate particulars of Big Sean Braids. This implies a robust connection between present vogue and artistic expression inside Raven Cosplay.
From materials to specialised instruments, each factor contributes to the ultimate end result. Mastering crafting methods, similar to stitching, sculpting, and portray, permits cosplayers to supply detailed and correct parts. In the end, this data empowers cosplayers to create a compelling and immersive portrayal.
Frequent Cosplay Supplies for Raven
Cautious materials choice is prime to a profitable Raven cosplay. Supplies ought to mirror the character’s aesthetic, whether or not real looking or stylized. Frequent decisions embody varied sorts of materials, leather-based, and plastics. Material choice should contemplate drape, texture, and coloration to copy Raven’s look successfully.
Crafting Methods for Raven Cosplay
A number of crafting methods are important for creating intricate Raven cosplay parts. Stitching, typically used for creating clothes, permits for exact particulars. Sculpting methods, like utilizing clay or resin, allow the creation of three-dimensional parts, like equipment or weaponry. Portray provides visible depth and texture, enhancing the realism or distinctive model of the cosplay.
Specialised Supplies, Instruments, and Gear
Sure specialised supplies, instruments, and gear improve the cosplay course of. Excessive-quality materials with particular textures or properties can mimic Raven’s apparel precisely. Instruments like specialised stitching needles or sculpting instruments contribute to precision and effectivity. Contemplate using specialised paints or dyes for correct coloration copy.
Creating Correct or Distinctive Raven Cosplay Parts
Creating parts that mirror Raven’s character is significant. For instance, precisely recreating her signature clothes, together with particular patterns or textures, contributes to the cosplay’s authenticity. Sculpting detailed equipment, like her signature necklace, provides a personal touch. Alternatively, cosplayers can discover distinctive interpretations, incorporating personalised parts that mirror their imaginative and prescient of the character.
Comparability of Cosplay Supplies
Materials | Execs | Cons |
---|---|---|
Polyester | Sturdy, inexpensive, available, simple to stitch | Can lack the drape and really feel of pure materials |
Cotton | Delicate, breathable, pure drape, good for detailed stitching | Can wrinkle simply, probably costlier |
Leather-based | Sturdy, sturdy, provides a contact of realism, might be molded | Could be costly, difficult to work with, might require specialised instruments |
Resin | Sturdy, light-weight, moldable, permits for intricate particulars | Could be costly, requires specialised instruments and methods for molding and ending |
Raven Cosplay Design and Aesthetics
Raven cosplay, a well-liked alternative amongst followers, affords a wealthy canvas for artistic expression. Understanding the design parts and aesthetics related to the character is vital to crafting a compelling and genuine illustration. This entails exploring the symbolism and imagery embedded inside the character, and translating these parts into distinct cosplay interpretations. In the end, the objective is to successfully talk Raven’s multifaceted persona and traits by the design decisions.A profitable Raven cosplay transcends mere imitation; it turns into a nuanced portrayal that resonates with the character’s depth and complexity.
This exploration dives into the numerous design approaches and aesthetics, providing insights into successfully signify Raven in a singular and compelling approach.
Totally different Design Parts and Aesthetics
Understanding the varied aesthetic decisions accessible for Raven cosplay permits cosplayers to attach with the character on a deeper degree. From the traditional darkish and brooding imagery to extra playful interpretations, the choices are plentiful. Key design parts embody coloration palettes, clothes kinds, equipment, and general visible presentation. These parts, when fastidiously thought of, can elevate a cosplay from merely resembling Raven to really embodying her essence.
Symbolism and Imagery in Raven Cosplay
Raven, along with her distinctive historical past and character traits, is laden with symbolic that means. Her darkish aesthetic, typically related to thriller and intrigue, might be interpreted in varied methods by cosplay. The imagery related to Raven, whether or not it is her raven-inspired options or the symbolism embedded in her apparel, gives a framework for creating a robust and evocative illustration.
Representing Raven’s Character and Traits
Raven’s persona is multifaceted, starting from mental curiosity to a fierce independence. Cosplayers can successfully seize these facets by refined but highly effective design decisions. Emphasizing Raven’s intelligence by the equipment or her apparel, or highlighting her rebellious spirit by clothes kinds, could make a cosplay really stand out. Consideration to element is essential in successfully speaking these traits by the costume.
Aesthetic Variations in Raven Cosplay
Theme | Description | Visible Examples |
---|---|---|
Darkish Academia | A complicated and scholarly aesthetic, characterised by muted tones, flowing materials, and complicated particulars. Raven’s intelligence and mental nature are emphasised. | Raven in a darkish, flowing robe, paired with delicate silver jewellery and a well-worn leather-bound e book. Her hair styled in intricate braids or a scholarly bun. |
Gothic | A dramatic and mysterious aesthetic, emphasizing Raven’s darker facet and rebellious spirit. Options embody black clothes, intricate lace, and dramatic equipment. | Raven in a black corset with intricate lace overlay, paired with an extended, flowing black cloak. Equipment like ornate chains, rings, and skull-shaped jewellery add to the gothic really feel. Make-up is accentuated to spotlight sharp options and dramatic shadows. |
Cyberpunk | A futuristic and technological aesthetic, representing Raven’s superior mind and futuristic parts. Options embody metallic accents, technological equipment, and a streamlined design. | Raven with cybernetic enhancements, similar to glowing tattoos, steel armor items, and crowd pleasing goggles. The costume options futuristic materials and coloration palettes, emphasizing expertise and innovation. |
Steampunk | A Victorian-era aesthetic infused with expertise and mechanics, reflecting Raven’s mind and distinctive character. Options embody intricate gears, steel accents, and detailed clothes. | Raven in a Victorian-inspired outfit with gears and cogs integrated into the design, alongside different mechanical parts. Her apparel options intricate lace overlays and detailed steel accents, showcasing each historic and futuristic parts. |
Idea for a Distinctive Raven Cosplay
A novel Raven cosplay might draw inspiration from the “Shadow Weaver” theme. This cosplay would emphasize Raven’s enigmatic nature and her connection to shadows. The costume would incorporate darkish, muted tones, with flowing, barely tattered materials. Equipment like intricate shadow-like patterns and refined glowing parts would additional improve the “Shadow Weaver” aesthetic. Make-up would deal with making a mysterious and ethereal look.
Raven Cosplay Neighborhood and Tradition
The Raven cosplay neighborhood thrives on-line and offline, fostering a vibrant ecosystem of creativity, collaboration, and shared ardour. This intricate community of cosplayers connects by shared experiences and a dedication to bringing the character to life. From meticulously crafted costumes to charming performances, the Raven cosplay neighborhood demonstrates a robust sense of belonging and mutual help.This neighborhood’s affect extends past the realm of cosplay, impacting standard tradition by its distinctive contributions.
The Raven cosplay neighborhood showcases the varied interpretations and views of this character, contributing to a wealthy tapestry of creative expression.
On-line Communities and Platforms
The digital sphere performs a vital function in connecting Raven cosplayers. Devoted boards, social media teams, and on-line marketplaces present areas for sharing inspiration, looking for recommendation, showcasing creations, and discovering collaborators. These platforms enable cosplayers to attach with fellow fanatics, no matter geographic location, fostering a way of world neighborhood. Particular social media platforms like Instagram and Fb are standard venues for showcasing high-quality cosplay photographs and movies, facilitating a relentless change of concepts and suggestions.
Offline Occasions and Conventions
Past the digital realm, conventions and devoted cosplay occasions provide alternatives for in-person interplay. Cosplayers collect to show their creations, take part in competitions, and have interaction in full of life discussions. These occasions present a platform for cosplayers to attach with each other in a tangible approach, creating recollections and constructing relationships that stretch past the confines of a display screen. The sense of camaraderie and mutual respect fosters a welcoming ambiance for each seasoned cosplayers and newcomers.
Influence on In style Tradition
Raven cosplay considerably impacts standard tradition by introducing numerous interpretations of the character. The various kinds and approaches mirror a mess of artistic views, showcasing the character’s enduring attraction. This numerous vary of interpretations enriches the character’s picture and contributes to the character’s ongoing evolution in standard tradition. The cosplay neighborhood acts as a catalyst for innovation, inspiring artists and designers to discover new methods to signify the character in varied mediums.
Developments and Interactions inside the Neighborhood
The Raven cosplay neighborhood embraces a dynamic and evolving panorama of tendencies. Excessive-quality craftsmanship, meticulous consideration to element, and progressive interpretations of the character are extremely valued. A powerful sense of neighborhood and mutual help drives interactions, with cosplayers typically providing constructive criticism and encouragement to at least one one other. This help system is crucial for fostering a artistic and inclusive atmosphere.
Frequent Platforms for Connection
Devoted cosplay web sites and boards function central hubs for connecting cosplayers. Particular social media platforms like Instagram and Fb teams devoted to cosplay present avenues for sharing and discussing creations. On-line marketplaces and boards provide a venue for cosplayers to hunt inspiration, uncover assets, and join with others who share their ardour. These platforms are integral to the neighborhood’s perform and development.
Significance of Neighborhood Assist
Neighborhood help performs a significant function within the success and success of Raven cosplayers. Encouragement, constructive suggestions, and shared assets contribute considerably to the standard and creativity of cosplay initiatives. The collaborative spirit fosters a optimistic and supportive atmosphere, driving steady enchancment and innovation inside the cosplay neighborhood. Cosplayers typically depend on this help community for inspiration, steerage, and the chance to showcase their expertise.
Raven Cosplay in Totally different Media
Raven’s portrayal has developed considerably throughout varied media, influencing the methods cosplayers interpret and embody her. This evolution showcases the dynamic nature of character illustration and the artistic adaptation of supply materials by cosplayers. Understanding these variations permits for a richer appreciation of Raven’s multifaceted picture and the varied interpretations she evokes.Totally different media platforms, from comics to tv, provide distinctive views on Raven’s character.
Raven Cosplay, a charming area of interest, typically evokes deep emotional responses. The highly effective tales behind these characters resonate deeply, mirroring the uncooked human feelings explored in highly effective items like Vows That Will Make You Cry. These emotional connections are a big issue within the cosplay neighborhood’s vibrant and passionate engagement with the craft.
Cosplayers, in flip, draw inspiration from these interpretations, crafting cosplay that displays the particular nuances of every medium’s depiction. The ensuing variations in cosplay spotlight the pliability and creativity inherent within the artwork kind.
Comedian E-book Representations of Raven
Early depictions of Raven in comedian books established her as a brooding, enigmatic determine, typically clad in darkish apparel. This preliminary aesthetic closely influenced early cosplay, showcasing a desire for somber colours and complicated designs impressed by the comedian’s visible language. Many cosplayers emphasize Raven’s aloof and introspective persona of their costumes.
Raven in Teen Titans Animated Sequence
The Teen Titans animated collection considerably impacted how Raven was perceived. The present offered a extra accessible, although nonetheless mysterious, model of the character. This typically interprets to cosplay that balances her darkish aesthetic with a younger vitality, generally incorporating parts of the present’s distinctive artwork model.
Raven in Teen Titans Go!
The comedic portrayal of Raven within the Teen Titans Go! collection presents a stark distinction to her earlier iterations. Cosplayers typically seize this comedic take by together with exaggerated options or playful parts, demonstrating the adaptability of the cosplay neighborhood to completely different interpretations of the character.
Raven in Different Media
Raven’s presence in different media, together with books and video video games, typically introduces distinctive design parts and persona traits. Cosplayers reply by drawing inspiration from these variations, leading to a big selection of interpretations that showcase the flexibility of Raven’s picture.
Raven Cosplay Equipment and Props
Raven cosplay, with its intricate designs and thematic parts, depends closely on the correct equipment and props to really convey the character to life. These parts transcend easy elaborations; they’re very important in conveying the character’s persona, historical past, and connection to the supply materials. Mastering the artwork of making compelling equipment and props is vital to reaching a very immersive and spectacular cosplay.The selection and execution of equipment and props considerably elevate a cosplay from primary illustration to a robust assertion.
They serve to amplify the general visible impression, offering a deeper understanding of the character for the viewers and a better sense of embodiment for the cosplayer. Efficient props and equipment inform a narrative, revealing facets of the character’s background and function inside the narrative. Additionally they assist in distinguishing one cosplayer from one other, including a singular contact to an already standard character.
Frequent Equipment and Props
Important equipment and props for a convincing Raven cosplay embody gadgets that straight mirror her character and design. The visible consistency between the cosplay and these parts is essential. For instance, the intricately designed wings, a symbolic employees, and varied gadgets representing her expertise and historical past contribute to the character’s visible id.
Raven’s Wings
Raven’s iconic wings are a vital element of her aesthetic. They’re typically crafted from light-weight but sturdy supplies, similar to foam, material, and even intricate paper mache constructions. The design ought to precisely mirror the detailed portrayal of the wings within the supply materials, paying shut consideration to the feathers’ construction and coloration variations. Including LED lights to the wings enhances their dramatic impact, notably in low-light environments, making them a focus.
Including texture to the wings, utilizing supplies like feathers or fake feathers, will make the cosplay extra detailed.
Raven’s Employees
Raven’s employees is an integral a part of her character, representing her magical skills and powers. The employees might be constructed from wooden, steel, and even resin, relying on the cosplayer’s finances and ability degree. Ornamental parts, similar to intricate carvings, glowing runes, or connected gems, add depth and visible curiosity. Think about using lights and reflective supplies so as to add a magical contact.
The employees’s measurement and weight are essential to contemplate for consolation throughout cosplay occasions.
Different Equipment
A whole Raven cosplay typically contains equipment that mirror her apparel and persona. This may embody intricate jewellery, armbands, and even equipment that signify her specific skills, similar to magical instruments or vials. These particulars are key to distinguishing the cosplayer from different interpretations of the character.
Creating Distinctive Equipment and Props
Crafting distinctive and elaborate equipment and props might be an essential facet of a Raven cosplay. This might contain detailed hand-painting, intricate sculpting, or using specialised supplies. Discovering inspiration from the supply materials and experimenting with completely different methods can result in really distinctive creations.
Significance of Equipment and Props, Raven Cosplay
Ingredient | Equipment/Props | Rationale |
---|---|---|
Raven’s wings | Light-weight, detailed wings with potential LED lights; use of supplies like feathers or fake feathers. | Offers a visually hanging illustration of the character, enhances the sense of energy and flight. |
Raven’s employees | Intricately carved picket employees with embedded runes or gems; probably incorporate lights or reflective supplies. | Symbolizes Raven’s magical skills and powers; provides depth and visible curiosity to the general cosplay. |
Raven Cosplay Inspiration and References
Drawing inspiration is essential for creating compelling and distinctive Raven cosplays. Understanding the varied visible references which have formed the character’s picture throughout varied media is significant for any aspiring cosplayer. This exploration dives deep into the sources that encourage Raven’s distinctive look, permitting cosplayers to tailor their very own interpretations.
Key Visible References
Raven’s design, from her distinctive apparel to her persona, has been visually interpreted in quite a few methods. Figuring out key visible references gives a robust basis for growing a singular cosplay model. Analyzing these references permits cosplayers to know the core parts that outline Raven and the way they are often tailored and customised.
- Comedian Books: Early interpretations of Raven in comedian books typically characteristic darker coloration palettes and extra stylized designs. These early visible representations set up the foundational parts of Raven’s look. Paying shut consideration to those early appearances helps perceive the evolution of her character design.
- Animated Sequence: The animated collection typically gives a special tackle Raven’s look, showcasing dynamic poses and expressions. Observing these animated representations can encourage progressive and expressive cosplay designs. The dynamism of the animation typically gives a definite perspective on Raven’s character.
- Motion pictures and Video Video games: Motion pictures and video video games current Raven with distinctive visible representations, which generally emphasize completely different facets of her character. These interpretations can encourage cosplayers to create cosplays that target a particular facet of her character, whether or not it is her highly effective demeanor or her introspective nature.
Distinctive Cosplay Types
Past replicating current designs, exploring distinctive interpretations of Raven can create distinctive and memorable cosplays. This entails adapting current references or mixing parts from completely different sources to develop a recent, personalised tackle the character.
- Emphasizing Raven’s Energy: Specializing in poses and apparel that convey energy and willpower can create a dynamic and impactful cosplay. This may contain selecting particular clothes or equipment that spotlight Raven’s bodily prowess. The emphasis ought to be on expressing Raven’s inside power by the cosplay.
- Highlighting Raven’s Mysticism: Cosplayers can use refined particulars and equipment to emphasise Raven’s mystical facet. This might contain incorporating parts of nature or mystical symbols into the design. The cosplay ought to convey Raven’s deep connection to the supernatural by design decisions.
- Making a Private Interpretation: Utilizing a mixture of assorted references to create a singular tackle Raven’s look permits cosplayers to showcase their creativity. This method permits for particular person expression and a deeper understanding of the character.
Utilizing Visible Inspiration Successfully
Utilizing visible inspiration successfully for cosplay creation entails cautious commentary and adaptation. It isn’t about merely copying however about understanding the core parts and translating them into a personalised design.
- Analyzing Composition: Understanding the composition of the picture or paintings is significant. This contains observing lighting, coloration palettes, and character poses. Cosplayers ought to analyze the weather that make the visible illustration compelling.
- Adapting and Modifying: Slightly than straight replicating, cosplayers ought to adapt the chosen references to create a singular interpretation. Modifying current designs permits for a private contact and a particular look.
- Making a Temper Board: Making a temper board with varied photographs and parts that encourage the cosplay can assist visualize the specified end result. A temper board acts as a central hub for the artistic course of.
Copyright and Attribution
Correct attribution is crucial when utilizing references. Respecting the mental property rights of artists is essential. Cosplays ought to all the time acknowledge the sources of inspiration.
Raven Cosplay typically entails intricate particulars and a deep understanding of character design. This meticulous consideration to visible accuracy regularly interprets right into a want for particular bodily attributes, like these seen in light-skinned canines, as showcased in Light Skin Dog examples. In the end, these parts contribute to the general immersive expertise of the Raven Cosplay aesthetic.
- Respecting Copyright: At all times search permission from the copyright holder if the chosen reference requires it. That is essential for authorized and moral causes.
- Giving Credit score: Explicitly crediting the artists and sources of inspiration is essential. This demonstrates respect and promotes the work of different creators.
Inspirational Artists and Sources
Varied artists and sources have formed the visible illustration of Raven. Recognizing these influences is significant for understanding the character’s evolution.
- Particular Artists (Instance): Acknowledging particular artists, similar to comedian e book artists and illustrators, who’ve created pivotal interpretations of Raven’s look is essential. This demonstrates the deep-seated affect of particular person creative contributions on the general design.
- Particular Media (Instance): Figuring out particular comedian books, animated collection, or video video games which have profoundly impacted Raven’s visible design is essential. Highlighting these influential sources permits for a deeper understanding of how varied media have contributed to Raven’s evolving picture.
Final Phrase
In conclusion, Raven Cosplay is extra than simply dressing up; it is a testomony to creativity, dedication, and a deep connection to the character. This complete information has explored the historic context, sensible facets, neighborhood spirit, and media influences that form the artwork of Raven Cosplay. From the meticulous collection of supplies to the resonant interpretation of her complicated persona, we have navigated the nuances of this charming cosplay kind.
Whether or not you are a seasoned cosplayer or simply beginning your journey, this exploration gives invaluable insights and inspiration.
Question Decision
What are the commonest supplies used for creating Raven cosplay?
Frequent supplies for Raven cosplay embody materials like velvet, leather-based, and pretend leather-based for the costume’s core parts. Particular supplies like resin or clay could be used for intricate equipment like horns or detailed jewellery, relying on the particular cosplay model and complexity.
How can I successfully analysis and discover inspiration for a singular Raven cosplay?
Discover numerous sources, from comedian e book artwork to fan-created paintings and online game depictions of Raven. Analyze the character’s visible illustration throughout completely different media and pay shut consideration to particular design parts, equipment, and coloration palettes that resonate together with your desired aesthetic.
What are some standard platforms the place Raven cosplayers join and share their work?
Cosplayers typically make the most of social media platforms like Instagram, Pinterest, and TikTok to showcase their creations and have interaction with the broader neighborhood. Devoted cosplay boards and web sites additionally present areas for artists to share and talk about their work. Moreover, conference participation typically serves as a helpful platform for connection and change.
How can I keep away from copyright infringement when utilizing visible references for my Raven cosplay?
At all times credit score the unique artists and sources for any photographs, paintings, or design parts used as inspiration. Guarantee your cosplay is a artistic interpretation, quite than a direct copy, of current materials to keep away from copyright points.